【课标I 】江苏省常州高级中学23届高三上学期1月月考英语试题

2022-2023学年 江苏常州高级中学

高三年级1月月考 英语试卷

总分120分考试时间120分钟

一、阅读理解（共30分）

Four Little-known European Destinations

Everyone’s heard of Europe’s major tourist destinations and rightly so – after all, Amsterdam, Berlin, Paris and Rome are all famous for a reason. But there are still numerous cities and regions that aren’t even mentioned on typical European ”to–do” lists. The following destinations offer a perfect reason to step slightly off the beaten track.

Innsbruck, Austria

Buried at the foot of the towering Alps, the Austrian city of Innsbruck offers guests a chance to appreciate a blend of old and new. The old town dates back over 800 years, and provides a glimpse at Medieval life in the region, while the modern Home of the Giant, a massive center of arts, entertainment and shopping, is the largest of its kind in the world. Within the center is the stunning Swarovskio Crystal Cloud. During winter months, tourists can participate in various alpine activities. Skiing, snowboarding and many other sports are offered on the nearby slopes; during summer, the area provides a perfect site for rock climbing and hiking. Nature lovers can visit the Alpine Zoo, while history lovers can get lost in the many museums and galleries the town has to offer.

Tallinn, Estonia

Located in Estonia and rarely featured as a must-see destination, Tallinn, nonetheless, offers a fascinating chance to relive history in one of Europe’s lesser-visited nations. A vibrant city that frequently hosts festivals of various genres, Tallinn is home to the expansive Kumu Art Museum, which has got both classic and contemporary pieces, and the Open Air Museum, a recreated historic village complete with staff in ancient costumes. To add a brilliant final touch to the Estonian experience, visitors should listen for the haunting sounds of the organ from one of the many churches around the city.

Cinque Terre, Italy

A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997, the villages of Cinque Terre have a range of activities for everyone. Outdoor enthusiasts can opt to dive or snorkel(潜水) in the marine park, and anyone chasing nature can watch the birdlife in the Riomaggiore’s Torre Guardiola. Manarola is famous for producing Sciacchetra wine, and another village, Vernazza, is known for its cobbled(铺有鹅卵石的) street and various laneways. Vernazza is also home to the Gothic-Ligurian church, which was built in 1318.

Zadar, Croatia

Full of creative architecture and full of history, the city of Zadar in Croatia continues to fascinate visitors year after year. The famous Wide Street, which is even older than the city itself is a reminder of the Roman influence on the area. The Museum of Ancient Glass has a vast collection of Roman glassware from the commanding 19th-century Cosmacendi Palace.

1．What’s the purpose of the passage?

A．To explain why the four places are ”off the beaten track”.

B．To compare the four places with Europe’s major tourist destinations.

C．To require the four places to be added on typical European ”to-do” lists.

D．To illustrate the unique attractions worth seeing in the four places.

2．Which of the following is NOT right based on the passage?

A．Innsbruck is a charming city, drawing natural explorers, art lovers and shopaholics.

B．In the Open Air Museum, visitors may experience history with the staff dressed in clothes of ancient times.

C．Cinque Terre provides an access to exciting outdoor activities and relaxing cultural tour.

D．The Wide Street reflects the Roman influence on the city of Zadar for it’s even older than the city itself.

3．Mr. Smith is a nature lover keen on various activities while Mrs. Smith is a religious person eager to visit beautiful churches. Which of the following places do you suggest to the couple for a holiday?

A．Innsbruck, Austria B．Tallinn, Estonia

C．Cinque Terre, Italy D．Zadar, Croatia

I took a job at a vet (兽医) clinic almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition that I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I couldn’t bear to see any creature in pain.

At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman pinscher puppy (杜宾幼犬) in his arms and begging us to save his life. The four-month-old pup had been hit by a car.

The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place the skin was still attached to this poor little animal’s body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours, sewing him back together again. That was the easy part. The puppy had broken multiple bones, including his spine (脊椎) . If he survived the next few days, we were quite sure he would never walk.

That day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy, I remember moving his tiny legs to try to keep his muscles from weakening.

Weeks went by until one day, I felt this little fighter push back ever so slightly. And he continued to push back till he could finally use his legs.

Fast-forward about a year. I walked into the clinic’s crowded waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner on the opposite side of the room broke loose and dashed toward me. 1 found myself pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hind legs, his front paws on my shoulders, washing my face with abundant and joyful kisses!

I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago.

4．Which was the possible position the author took originally at the clinic?

A．A medical assistant.

B．A professional vet.

C．An enthusiastic volunteer.

D．A regular receptionist.

5．How did the author help the dog?

A．She sewed his wounds.

B．She fixed his spine.

C．She helped him to recover.

D．She taught him to walk.

6．What can we infer about the dog?

A．He struggled to be on his feet.

B．He liked to lick people’s faces.

C．He got well immediately.

D．He got fierce afterwards.

7．Why did the huge Doberman dash toward the author?

A．To push her away B．To be a lucky dog

C．to show his gratitude to her D．To ask for some food

8．What is the best title of this passage?

A．A loving vet B．A lucky dog

C．A grateful patient D．A life-changing story

Professor Sun Jun, aged 93 in 2018, has devoted his life to working on China’s giant construction projects, including the Qinghai-Tibet highway, Three Gorges Dam, and the Yangtze River Tunnel. In his latest project, the Tongji University academic served as a senior adviser on the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Under the guidance of Sun, Xu Wei, a professor in Tonji and Sun’s student, took over technical assistance for the construction of the bridge. “Every time I saw Sun and other professors working on the bridge,I felt at ease,” said Lin Ming, the general project manager. Lin initially invited an experienced Dutch company to serve as the technical assistant for the project. The company wanted to charge US $171million. He then asked for help from Xu along with experts in Tongji University.

The methods developed by Tongji University reduced the impact of the bridge on the Chinese white dolphin, which is under first class state protection. The key challenge during the construction of the bridge was the 6.7-km underwater tunnel, the world’s longest and deepest undersea tunnel. Ding Wenqi, who was nicknamed the “ tunnel expert” , was asked to ensure the tubes be connected perfectly—even under the influences of land subsidence (下沉), water pressure and tide movement. Hu Xiangdong, another professor with Tongji, developed a method to freeze the earth around the tunnel to prevent water leakage and land subsidence during the digging of the most challenging 2-km section of the tunnel.

The tunnel section of the project was completed in May 2017. Sun was invited to visit the near-completed bridge again in February 2018. The expert said he felt the most relaxed this time since most of the challenges have been conquered. “In the next step, we should focus on how to make the two artificial islands more beautiful and attract travelers,” Sun said.

Xu said all the staff in my office took a great pride in watching the TV news of the bridge’s official opening on Wednesday.

9．What is Professor Sun’s contribution to the bridge?

A．He worked in Tongji University.

B．He was the general project manager.

C．He gave much advice on the project.

D．He took over the technical assistance.

10．Why did Lin Ming ask for help from experts in Tongji University?

A．The Dutch company charged too much.

B．The technical assistant had too much trouble.

C．Tongji University did best in the giant projects.

D．He felt relaxed to see professors working on the bridge.

11．What’s the greatest trouble in building the bridge?

A．Protecting the Chinese white dolphin.

B．Constructing the longest & deepest undersea tunnel.

C．Controlling the water pressure.

D．Preventing the tide.

12．How did the expert stop water leaking in building the undersea tunnel?

A．By keeping the tide moving.

B．By digging deep into the sea.

C．By increasing the water pressure.

D．By freezing the nearby earth around the tunnel.

Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many years later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.

“This is an animal study, but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important — not just for physical development, but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive development during ageing,” says Martin of the University of Toronto, Canada. “In humans, it may put off the appearance of Alzheimer’s symptoms, possibly to the point of preventing them.“

Martin’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups, and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later — when the rats had reached middle age — the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.

Two weeks later, the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room, the same box with the room arranged differently, and a completely different box in a different room.

The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations, suggesting they couldn’t remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.

“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we’re young, at least for rats, has influence on brain and cognitive health — in the form of better memories — when we’re older,” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston, who has found that, in humans, exercise improves the growth of new brain cells.

13．The study shows that______.

A．physical activity is important for physical health

B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats’ growth

C．physical activity can prevent human’s Alzheimer’s symptoms

D．exercise when young can prevent memory loss when older in rats

14．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．exercise B．development C．benefit D．study

15．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?

A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving an example.

C．By describing the process. D．By showing differences.

16．What is the author’s attitude towards the animal study?

A．Surprised. B．Objective (客观的). C．Critical (批判性的). D．Doubtful.

二、七选五（共10分）

How to stop glasses fogging up with a face mask

Wearing a mask keeps you safe during the pandemic, but it come with its own set of challenges. And, one of the biggest drawbacks of wearing a mask is how much your glasses fog up and affect your vision. Taking off your glasses to wipe them clean each time it fogs up is not only frustrating, but it can also increase the risk of infection. ___17___ Here are some tricks to stop it.

Twist your mask strings.

From the side, once you twist it, the strings will look like the figure eight. This is great for stopping fogging because it redirects your breath by putting slight downward pressure on the top part of the mask. ___18___ This may leave you infected by virus.

___19___

If you wash your glasses with soap, this creates a thin film on your lenses which limits fogging. Use a fragrance-free soap and mix it with warm water. Put your glasses in it and let it air dry. When you wear your glasses next, soap molecules on your lenses should block fogging.

Use tissues.

You can put a tissue under the top part of the mask. ___20___ To do this DIY trick properly, you should fold a tissue in half and place the straight edge along the bridge of your nose.

Change the position of your masks and glasses.

___21___ But if you do this there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, you need to make sure that your mask still covers your chin(下巴)after you pull it up. And, if your prescription is stronger, this trick could impact your vision and cause increased blurriness.

A．Put glasses in the water.

B．Wash your glasses with soap.

C．It will help catch air and damp, keeping your glasses free of fog.

D．So the key is to prevent or minimize fogging due to face masks.

E．Cover your chin with masks to prevent need for repositioning when talking.

F．Though, it’s worth noting that it does create a slight gap between the mask and your face.

G．Pull up your mask and draw your glasses down, blocking your breath from rising upwards.

三、完形填空（共30分）

Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___22___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___23___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___24___ .

They’re part of a new form of the ___25___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___26___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___27___ .

It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___28___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___29___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___30___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____31____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.

The couple has a high ____32____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____33____ . For Jessica, that means ____34____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____35____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____36____ ,” she says.

22．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time

23．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure

24．A．safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable

25．A．local B．private C．sharing D．agricultural

26．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’

27．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence

28．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete

29．A．buy B．transport C．choose D．please

30．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention

31．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying

32．A．success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment

33．A．budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding

34．A．admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing

35．A．clean B．open C．simple D．empty

36．A．guess B．decision C．response D．impression

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文（共15分）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡题号为66-75的相应位置上。

Working out helps you deal with stress in your job, relationships or any area of life. It is possibly ____37____ exercise is a form of stress itself and helps your body deal with it in a better way. Australian researchers found that those ____38____ did 30 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise three times a week responded better to stress and had ___39___ (low) blood pressure.

Even ___40___ little exercise, from an easy 10-minute walk to an intense aerobics, seems to decrease your feeling ___41___ anxiety. Working out regularly may make you smarter now and lessen the ___42___ (possible) that you’ll lose brain function at your age. According to a recent animal study, exercise can ____43____ (actual) help the brain develop new cells. In the last few years, it ____44____ (show) in several studies that regular aerobic exercise can improve the quality of sleep. Naturally, this can make you less tired and be able to function better during the day.

Finally, there’s one more reason to keep ___45___ (exercise). When you work out regularly, your body simply functions better and you are healthier and less likely _____46_____ (suffer) painful physical condition.

五、邀请信（共15分）

47．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假定你是校报专栏的编辑李华，请给你的留学生朋友Alice写邮件邀请她为“健康生活”专栏写一篇文章。内容包括∶

1.报纸栏目介绍;

2.具体的投稿时间和要求。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：栏目column/section

Dear Alice,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

六、读后续写（共20分）

48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段使之构成一篇完整短文。

I stood with my friends in a line. My heart was hammering like anything, my hands cold and wet, my head buzzing with excitement and nervousness at the same time. I earnestly listened to the names of the house captains (社长) being announced, but in my heart, I wanted it to end because then the head girl would be announced. I so wanted it to be me.

I had made countless posters badges and bracelets for the campaigning. Instead of having lunch during the lunch time, I had gone from person to person, asking them to vote for me. I had shouted at the top of my lungs the slogan, “East or West, Maryam is the best! Vote for her and your year will be best.”

I had tried my hardest to convince people to vote for me, now all I had left was hope.

“Guess who the head girl for the year is?” teased the announcer.

A heavy silence fell, one that was full of hope and expectation, of fear and of nervousness.

The announcer teased for a minute or two before finally announcing the name of the head girl.

I felt confused as my friends pushed me out of the line. As I looked at the huge crowd clapping for me, I could not believe that I was the head girl of the school. The head of the council body. The student that was respected and liked by everybody.

From then on, I enjoyed the respect I got in and out of school. At home, my family members praised me and at school everyone looked up to me. They thought I was an inspiration as well as someone they could get motivated by. I had power. I could talk to the school principal and convince her to do anything. I could order around other council members and ask them to do anything.

But as days passed, I realized that with power comes responsibility

注意:

1.续写词数应为150左右:

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:

I was given countless responsibility along with my studies.

Paragraph 2:

The principal listened attentively, her concern clearly written on her face.

答案及解析：

1．D 2．D 3．C

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要给读者介绍了四个在欧洲值得参观的小众景点，以及每个景点的特色。

1．推理判断题。根据第一段的But there are still numerous cities and regions that aren’t even mentioned on typical European ”to–do” lists. The following destinations offer a perfect reason to step slightly off the beaten track.(但，仍有许多城市和地区在欧洲“要做的事”清单上甚至没有被提及。下面的目的地提供了一个完美的理由，让你稍微偏离常规线路)可推测，本文主要是介绍一些在欧洲值得参观的小众景点。D. To illustrate the unique attractions worth seeing in the four places.(为了描述四个值得参观的特别景点)符合以上说法，故选D项。

2．细节理解题。根据最后一段的The famous Wide Street, which is even older than the city itself, is a reminder of the Roman influence on the area.(著名的Wide Street，比城市本身还古老，它提醒人们罗马对这一地区的影响)可知，Wide Street可以让人们想到罗马对该城市的影响，是因为街道的结构。D. The Wide Street reflects the Roman influence on the city of Zadar for it’s even older than the city itself.( Wide Street反映了罗马队城市Zadar的影响，因为它比城市本身都古老)不符合以上说法，故选D项。

3．细节理解题。根据Cinque Terre, Italy部分下的anyone chasing nature can watch the birdlife in the Riomaggiore’s Torre Guardiola. (任何追求自然的人都可以到Riomaggiore’s Torre Guardiola观察鸟类生活)和Vernazza is also home to the Gothic-Ligurian church, which was built in 1318.( Vernazza是Gothic-Ligurian教堂的所在地，该教堂始建于1318年)可知，大自然爱好者Mr. Smith和宗教人士Mrs. Smith可以来这个地方，因为这里可以观察鸟类生活也有历史悠久的教堂。故选C项。

4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和兽医曾尽力救治一只受伤的杜宾幼犬，后来作者和康复后的杜宾幼犬再次相遇的感人事迹。

4．推理判断题。根据第一段“I took a job at a vet (兽医) clinic almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition that I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals.”（大约五十年前，我在一家兽医诊所找到了一份工作。作为一个热心的动物爱好者，我接受了这份工作，条件是我不必帮助任何受伤的动物。）可知，作者在兽医诊所最初的工作不用帮助受伤的动物，只是一个普通的接待员。故选D项。

5．推理判断题。根据第四段“I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy, I remember moving his tiny legs to try to keep his muscles from weakening.”（我成为了兽医在所有医学事物方面的助手。我最初的工作之一就是每天给那只杜宾犬进行物理治疗，我记得我移动它的小腿以防止它的肌肉变弱。）可知，作者曾经帮助小狗进行康复训练。故选C项。

6．推理判断题。根据第五段“Weeks went by until one day, I felt this little fighter push back ever so slightly. And he continued to push back till he could finally use his legs.”（几个星期过去了，直到有一天，我感到这个小斗士在轻微地后退，它继续后退直到它终于可以使用它的腿。）可知，杜宾犬小狗在努力地站起来，恢复身体。故选A项。

7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“1 found myself pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hind legs, his front paws on my shoulders, washing my face with abundant and joyful kisses!( 我发现自己被压在墙边，这只漂亮的狗用后腿站着，前爪搭在我的肩膀上，不停地、快乐地亲吻我的脸)”和倒数第一段“I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago.( 多年前的那一天，那只狗对我表示出的爱和感激之情，至今仍让我惊讶得落泪。)”可推断，大杜宾犬扑向作者是为了表达他的感激。故选C项。

8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago.”（多年前的那一天，那只狗对我表示出的爱和感激之情，至今仍让我惊讶得落泪。）以及第六段“I found myself pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hind legs, his front paws on my shoulders, washing my face with abundant and joyful kisses!” (我发现自己被压在墙边，这只漂亮的狗用后腿站着，前爪搭在我的肩膀上，不停地、快乐地亲吻我的脸。)以及文章其它内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者救助了一只杜宾犬，杜宾犬小狗因为作者对它的救治而心怀感恩。所以本文的主旨是一个感恩的故事，C项“一个心怀感激的病人”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。

9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。港珠澳大桥建成正式通车，这一世纪工程的建成离不开所有参与者的智慧与汗水。在荷兰一公司狮子大开口之后，同济大学的专家们积极献策，他们反复研究、试验，攻破了港珠澳大桥建设的重重技术难关，创造了世界奇迹。

9．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句的the Tongji University academic served as a senior adviser on the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge可知，他是港珠澳大桥的高级顾问，因此他应该为这个工程的建设提供了许多建议。故选C。

10．推理判断题。根据第二段第四、五句The company wanted to charge US $ 171million. He then asked for help from Xu along with experts in Tongji University.可知，是因为荷兰公司要价太高，工程总经理才求助同济大学的专家的。故选A。

11．细节理解题。根据第三段中The key challenge during the construction of the bridge was the 6.7-km underwater tunnel, the world’s longest and deepest undersea tunnel.可知，大桥建造过程中的一个关键挑战是6.7公里的海底隧道，这是世界上最长和最深的海底隧道。故选B。

12．细节理解题。根据第三段第四句的Hu Xiangdong, another professor with Tongji, developed a method to freeze the earth around the tunnel to prevent water leakage可知，该专家通过冰冻隧道周围的泥土的方法来防止漏水。故选D。

【注意】细节理解题做题技巧

细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。

做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：

1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。

2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

比如小题4，根据第三段第四句的 Hu Xiangdong, another professor with Tongji, developed a method to freeze the earth around the tunnel to prevent water leakage可知该专家通过冰冻隧道周围的泥土的方法来防止漏水。故选D。

13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项关于动物研究的过程，就年轻时锻炼对大脑有终生的好处进行研究。

13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.(年轻时的锻炼似乎对大脑有终生的好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样)”可知，研究表明，年轻时的锻炼可以防止老鼠年老时的记忆丧失。故选D。

14．词句猜测题。根据第二段““This is an animal study, but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important — not just for physical development, but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive development during ageing,” says Martin of the University of Toronto, Canada.(加拿大多伦多大学的马丁说：“这是一项动物研究，但它表明年轻时的体育活动非常重要——不仅对身体发育，而且对衰老过程中认知发展的整个一生轨迹都非常重要。”)”可知，本段主要介绍一项动物研究，说明体育活动对身体发育和衰老过程中认知发展轨迹很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此指代上文的it在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选A。

15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martin’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups, and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later — when the rats had reached middle age — the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.(马丁的团队将80只年轻的雄性老鼠分成两组，在其中一组的笼子里放置跑步轮，为期六周。大约四个月后，当老鼠进入中年时，研究小组教会所有的老鼠把电击和被关在一个特定的盒子里联系起来。当它们被放进盒子里时，它们吓呆了)”以及第四段“Two weeks later, the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room, the same box with the room arranged differently, and a completely different box in a different room.(两周后，研究小组在三种情况下对老鼠进行了测试：同一个房间里完全相同的盒子，同一个盒子但房间布局不同，以及不同房间里完全不同的盒子)”可推知，第3段和第4段通过描述过程来开展。故选C。

16．推断判断题。根据第五段“The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations, suggesting they couldn’t remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.(年轻时没有接触滚轮的老鼠现在在每种情况下被吓住拥有相同的时间百分比，这表明它们不记得哪种情况是危险的。但那些在年轻时就能跑的老鼠，在两种改变的盒子设置下，被吓住率都要低40%到50%)”文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B。

17．D 18．F 19．B 20．C 21．G

【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了几个防止戴口罩眼镜起雾的方法。

17．上文“Taking off your glasses to wipe them clean each time it fogs up is not only frustrating, but it can also increase the risk of infection. (每当眼镜起雾时，摘下眼镜把它擦干净不仅令人沮丧，还会增加感染的风险)”说明戴口罩使眼镜起雾所带来的问题；下文“Here are some tricks to stop it.(这里有一些技巧可以阻止它)”指出有些技巧可以防止眼镜起雾；D选项“So the key is to prevent or minimize fogging due to face masks.(因此，关键是防止或尽量减少口罩造成的雾气)”起到承上启下的作用，“the key”指出上文中问题的解决方法，“fogging due to face masks”是下文“it”所指代的内容。故选D。

18．上文“ This is great for stopping fogging because it redirects your breath by putting slight downward pressure on the top part of the mask.”(这对防止起雾非常好，因为它通过在口罩顶部施加轻微的向下压力来改变你呼出的气体的方向)阐述了“Twist your mask strings.(扭扭你的口罩绳)”所起到的防止起雾的作用以及原理；下文“This may leave you infected by virus.(这可能会让你被病毒感染)”说明可能会出现的问题，所以设空处应填与上文表示转折关系，同时又承接下文的句子，F选项“Though, it’s worth noting that it does create a slight gap between the mask and your face.(不过，值得注意的是，它确实会在口罩和你的脸之间产生一个微小的间隙)”符合语意，故选F。

19．文章结构解析可知，此空概括下文整段内容，起到小标题的作用。由下文 “If you wash your glasses with soap, this creates a thin film on your lenses which limits fogging. (如果你用肥皂洗眼镜，这会在镜片上形成一层薄膜，从而限制起雾)”可知，这一段主要讲用肥皂水洗眼镜可以防止眼镜起雾，所以B选项“Wash your glasses with soap.(用肥皂洗你的眼镜)”可以概括此段大意，故选B。

20．上文“You can put a tissue under the top part of the mask.(你可以在口罩的上部垫上一张纸巾)”阐述了纸巾的用法，C选项“It will help catch air and damp, keeping your glasses free of fog.(它将有助于吸收空气和潮湿，使您的眼镜没有雾)”承接上文，阐述了在口罩上部垫上纸巾是如何防止眼镜起雾的，符合语意，故选C。

21．根据本段的小标题“Change the position of your masks and glasses.(改变口罩和眼镜的位置)”可知这一段主要阐述用调整口罩和眼镜的位置来防止眼镜起雾，G选项“Pull up your mask and draw your glasses down, blocking your breath from rising upwards.(把你的口罩向上拉一点，把你的眼镜向下拉一点，这样能阻止你呼出的气上升)”符合语意，句中的“Pull up your mask”也对应下文的“Firstly, you need to make sure that your mask still covers your chin(下巴)after you pull it up.(首先，你需要确保你的口罩在被向上拉以后仍然遮住你的下巴)”。故选G。

22．D 23．C 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．C 35．A 36．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。

22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。

23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。

24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。

25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。

26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。

27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。

28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。

29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。

30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。

31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。

32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。

33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。

34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。

35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。

36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。

37．because 38．who 39．lower 40．a 41．of 42．possibility 43．actually 44．has been shown 45．exercising 46．to suffer

【解析】文章介绍了锻炼的好处。

37．考查连词。句意：锻炼有助于你解决工作中的压力，生活中的关系等。这可能因为锻炼本身就是一种压力，它以一种更好的方式来帮助你的身体。根据句意，该空应填because。“because exercise is a form of stress itself and helps your body deal with it in a better way”在句中做表语。

38．考查定语从句。解析句子结构可知，“　　2　　 did 30 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise three times a week”是定语从句，修饰those，引导词在从句中做主语，指人，故该从句要用who引导。

39．考查形容词比较级。句意：一周进行三次有氧运动的人的血压更低。lower是low的比较级，修饰blood pressure。

40．考查冠词。a little意为“一点”，修饰名词exercise。句意：甚至一点点的锻炼，从比较容易的10分钟散步到高强度的有氧运动，似乎都能减轻你的焦虑。

41．考查介词。a feeling of anxiety意为“一种焦虑感”，其中，of表示同位关系。

42．考查名词。possibility是名词，做动词lessen的宾语。

43．修饰副词。actually是副词，在句中做状语。

44．考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，数个研究都表明有规律的有氧运动可以提高睡眠质量。以“in the last/past+时间段”做时间状语，句子要用现在完成时态。该句形式主语为it，代指that regular aerobic exercise can improve the quality of sleep。主语和show之间是被动关系，综上，该空应填has been shown。

45．考查非谓语动词。keep doing 意为“一直做某事，保持做某事”，doing做keep的宾语。

46．考查固定句式。be likely to do意为“可能做某事”。

47．Dear Alice,

I’d like to invite you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper, which is popular among us students, especially the articles about health.

The “Healthy Lifestyle” section carries a wide variety of articles written by foreign friends about their opinions on their balanced diet, healthy food, food safety or physical exercise. Since you are always having the good habit of keeping early hours, would you please share something about how to keep a healthy schedule? By the way your article may have a title made up by yourself. You can also write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400words would be fine. Could we have your article before August 2.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生朋友Alice写封邮件，邀请她为“健康生活”专栏写一篇文章。内容包括∶1.报纸栏目介绍；2.具体的投稿时间和要求。

【详解】1.词汇积累

观点：opinion→view

健康的：healthy→fit

各种各样的：a variety of→varieties of

只要：so long as→as long as

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：The “Healthy Lifestyle” section carries a wide variety of articles written by foreign friends about their opinions on their balanced diet, healthy food, food safety or physical exercise.

拓展句：The “Healthy Lifestyle” section carries a wide variety of articles which are written by foreign friends about their opinions on their balanced diet, healthy food, food safety or physical exercise.

【注意】[高分句型1] I’d like to invite you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper, which is popular among us students, especially the articles about health. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)

[高分句型2] Since you are always having the good habit of keeping early hours, would you please share something about how to keep a healthy schedule? (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)

48．A possible version:

I was given countless responsibilities along with my studies. I had to check students’ uniform, keep an alert mind for bullies, and maintain order when students queue up for meals. My energy and the excitement drained out of me as I realized that with a position comes burdens. As a result, my marks dropped dramatically and I eventually broke down. One day, I found myself in the principal’s office, telling her with deep sorrow that I could no longer be the head girl.

The principal listened attentively, her concern clearly written on her face. She put her hand on my shoulder and expressed her understanding. She suggested I turn to the former head girl and find some assistants. I was doubtful at first, but my doubts vanished as the suggestions proved very helpful. Now I felt I would be able to do this and at the same time ace at my studies. When you ask for power, you should be prepared to accept the responsibilities that come with it too.

【解析】本文是以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者为竞选女生领袖做了很多努力，在紧张的等待之后最终当选。从那时起，作者享受着作为女生领袖的权力，但是随着时间的流逝，作者意识到权力伴随着责任。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“我在学习的同时被赋予了无数的责任。”可知，第一段可描写作者作为负起女生领袖应负的责任，最终作者崩溃，去找校长表示不再当女生领袖了。

②由第二段首句内容“校长聚精会神地听着，脸上清楚地写着她的担忧。”可知，第二段可描写校长给作者提出建议，作者最终做到了在享受权力的同时承担责任。

2.续写线索：被赋予责任——崩溃——与校长交流——被给予建议——怀疑——承担责任

3.词汇激活

行为类

①维持秩序：maintain order/keep order

②排队：queue up/form a line/line up

③建议：suggest/advise/propose

情绪类

①崩溃：break down/ have a breakdown/ collapse